With the decline of conventional crude oil production, the exploitation and application of heavy oil has gradually attracted attention. However, heavy oil with high density, large viscosity and difficult mining is the problem faced by heavy oil production. There are many ways to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil, among which upgrading visbreaking reaction and non-upgrading visbreaking reaction are two important ways to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. The latter include heating and viscosity reduction, thinning and viscosity reduction, and chemical viscosity reducing and so on. There are two methods for upgrading visbreaking reaction, namely mild thermal cracking and aquathermolysis. The aquathermolysis viscosity reduction technique is a more efficient method of viscosity reduction based on thermal cracking. Under the appropriate reaction conditions and suitable catalyst conditions, the viscosity of heavy crude oil can be greatly reduced, which is a heavy oil mining technology with good application prospects.

The immersion and electrochemical methods has been used to study the corrosion behavior of automotive steel Q255 in different content of snow melting salt (NaCl) solution. Immersion test show that, the snow melting salt solution is more corrosive than the natural snow solution. The corrosion rate of Q255 steel in the natural water water is smaller than that of the snow melting salt solution, with the corrosion rate of 0.021 07 mm/a after the immersion of 168 h.The corrosion rate increased with the increase of NaCl concentration of the snow solution. The corrosion rate of Q255 steel could reach 0.039 71 mm/a in 3%NaCl solution, the value of which was almost double to the natural snow solution. Electrochemical experiments show that, the presence of chloride ions accelerated the dissolution and mass transfer process of F e 2+ corrosion products, subsequently reduced the adhesion of the corrosion product. Accordingly, the corrosion products would not be able to protect the steel surface, thus the corrosion rate accelerated.

The basic physicochemical characteristics of the Tacheng oil shales in Xinjiang province were investigated by a variety of experimental methods and a comprehensive evaluation was carried out. The properties of the oil shales such as oil yield, ash content, volatile component, calorific value, thermal intensity, rigidity and so on were investigated. The experimental result shows that the average oil yield is 7.32%, the average ash content is 65.94%, the average volatile component is 20.41%, the average calorific value is 4.55 MJ/kg, the thermal intensity and rigidity are both similar to the Fushun oil shales. In addition, the compositions of oil shales' ash were analyzed and demonstrated to be S i O2、 A l 2O3、 F e 2O3、 C a Oand MgO. Among them, SiO2 is main composition, followed by Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The comprehensive evaluation result shows that the basic physicochemical characteristics of the Tacheng oil shales in Xinjiang are close to that of Fushun oil shales, and the Fushun furnace retorting technology can suit the process of the Tacheng oil shale in Xinjiang.

 

The effect of soaking temperature and stirring rate on the corrosion behavior of Q235 and Q345 steel in simulated seawater environment (3.5%NaCl) was investigated by using soaking experiment. The surface morphology and chemical composition of corrosion products were analyzed by means of SEM and EDS. The results show that the corrosion rate of Q235 and Q345 steel has little difference and increase with increasing temperature in static seawater environment, reaching approximately 0.28 mm/a at 40 ℃. The stirring rate has a significant effect on the corrosion behavior of Q235 and Q345 steel and the corrosion rate accelerates with increasing stirring rate. When stirring rate is 300 r/min, the corrosion rate reaches 1 mm/a that is about 3.5 times as big as temperature effect. Uniform corrosion was observed on Q235 steel in simulated seawater. But the local corrosion morphology is found on Q345 steel and the main corrosion product is iron oxides. The application of Q345 material should be cautious compared with Q235 material in the same seawater environment.

The work process of the plastic extrusion machine and the characteristic of the tension control in the product line of BOPP were introduced. Aiming at the current problem of tension control in extrusion machine, a project was proposed that applied the frequency control technique to the tension control of extrusion machine. The practical test shows that the project of applying VG7 inverter in the extrusion machine can realize the constant tension control, improve the adjustable frequency precision, decrease the cost and operate conveniently, run steadily, and has great market value.